Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Mitazamo ya Kufikiri kwa Makini	Maswali ya Tathmini ya Mchakato wa Utafiti
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Elimu	Saikolojia ya Elimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1992	1987
Mwanzilishi	Peter Facione	John Biggs
Aina	Critical thinking propensity measurement	Self-report learning process inventory
Chanzo asilia	Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Giancarlo, C. A. F. (1992). The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Insight Assessment, Millbrae, CA.	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.
Majina mbadala	CTDS, California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, CCTDI	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS), exemplified by the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI), measures the extent to which individuals exhibit cognitive dispositions conducive to critical thinking. Developed by Facione (1992), it assesses dimensions including truth-seeking, open-mindedness, analytical orientation, self-confidence, systematic approach, and inquisitiveness. Critical thinking dispositions—the habits of mind and values that support rigorous reasoning—are distinct from but complementary to critical thinking skills.	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.