Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Mitazamo ya Kufikiri kwa Makini× | Kiwango cha Kujiamini Kifedha cha Kitaaluma× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Elimu | Saikolojia ya Elimu |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1992 | 1977 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Peter Facione | Albert Bandura |
| Aina≠ | Critical thinking propensity measurement | Self-efficacy belief measurement |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Giancarlo, C. A. F. (1992). The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Insight Assessment, Millbrae, CA. link ↗ | Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | CTDS, California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, CCTDI | ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS), exemplified by the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI), measures the extent to which individuals exhibit cognitive dispositions conducive to critical thinking. Developed by Facione (1992), it assesses dimensions including truth-seeking, open-mindedness, analytical orientation, self-confidence, systematic approach, and inquisitiveness. Critical thinking dispositions—the habits of mind and values that support rigorous reasoning—are distinct from but complementary to critical thinking skills. | The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges. |
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