Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kujiamini Kifedha cha Kitaaluma	Maswali ya Tathmini ya Mchakato wa Utafiti
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Elimu	Saikolojia ya Elimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1977	1987
Mwanzilishi	Albert Bandura	John Biggs
Aina	Self-efficacy belief measurement	Self-report learning process inventory
Chanzo asilia	Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.
Majina mbadala	ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges.	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.