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	E-S-QUAL Electronic Service Quality Scale	HEdPERF Higher Education Performance Scale	SERVQUAL Service Quality Scale
Ämnesområde	Marknadsföringsledning	Marknadsföringsledning	Marknadsföringsledning
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	2005	2003	1988
Upphovsperson	A. Parasuraman, Valerie A. Zeithaml, Anantharanthan Malhotra	Ganesan Srikanthan, John F. Dalrymple	A. Parasuraman, Valerie A. Zeithaml, Leonard L. Berry
Typ	Multi-dimensional electronic service quality scale	Multi-dimensional higher education service quality scale	Multi-dimensional service quality scale
Ursprungskälla	Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Malhotra, A. (2005). E-S-QUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 213-233.	Srikanthan, G., & Dalrymple, J. F. (2003). Developing a Holistic Model for Quality in Higher Education. Quality in Higher Education, 9(2), 123-138.	Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.
Alias	E-S-QUAL, Online Service Quality Scale	HEdPERF, Educational Service Quality Scale	Service Quality Instrument, Gap Model
Närliggande	3	4	4
Sammanfattning	E-S-QUAL is a 22-item scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Malhotra (2005) to measure service quality in electronic commerce and digital service environments. Adapting the foundational SERVQUAL dimensions to online contexts, E-S-QUAL assesses four core dimensions: Efficiency (ability to complete transactions quickly), Fulfillment (accurate order fulfillment and on-time delivery), System Availability (website uptime and technical performance), and Privacy (security of customer data and transactions). The scale captures both service delivery (how the website functions) and service recovery (how problems are handled).	HEdPERF is a 41-item scale designed specifically to measure service quality in higher education contexts, developed by Srikanthan and Dalrymple (2003). Extending SERVQUAL's framework to academic environments, HEdPERF captures unique dimensions of educational service: Academic Aspects (teaching quality, curriculum relevance), Non-Academic Aspects (administrative efficiency, physical facilities), Reputation (institutional prestige, employability), Access (availability of information, ease of enrollment), and Programme Issues (program content, skill development). The scale addresses the distinctive characteristics of educational services, which blend academic content delivery with student support and institutional experience.	SERVQUAL is a 22-item, multi-dimensional scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1988 to measure consumer perceptions of service quality. It captures the gap between customer expectations and actual service performance across five core dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The instrument has become the most widely used tool for service quality assessment in marketing research and practice.