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Natural Sciences236
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MetodăStatistică1,836IA și învățare automată1,661Științele deciziei932Metode de cercetare1,354Măsurare1,745Cauzalitate și dovezi532Practica cercetării118
359 metode în Health & Medicine · MăsurareȘterge
Metodele aflate la intersecția celor două filtre ale tale.
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pain medicine

Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire

The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by McCracken in 1998 to measure pain acceptance—the willingness to experience pain while continuing with valued life activities. Unlike pain management approaches focused on pain reduction, the CPAQ operationalizes acceptance

3 surse1998
rehabilitation

Clinical Dementia Rating

The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is a clinician-administered scale that assesses severity of dementia on a 0–3 scale based on interview with the patient and an informed collateral source (e.g., family member). Developed by Morris and colleagues at Washington University School of Medicine, the CDR has become the refer

3 surse1984
physical therapy

Clinical Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are electrodiagnostic tests measuring electrical activity in muscles and nerves, providing objective data on neuromuscular function. These tests identify pathology in motor neurons, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles, helping clinicians diag

2 surse1950
clinical psychology

Clinical Global Impressions Scale

The Clinical Global Impressions Scale is a clinician-administered two-part assessment developed by William Guy in the ECDEU Assessment Manual (1976) to provide rapid, global ratings of illness severity and treatment response. Part 1 (CGI-Severity) rates current severity; Part 2 (CGI-Improvement) rates change since trea

3 surse1976
nursing

Clinical Pathway Analysis

Clinical Pathway Analysis is a process improvement methodology that develops and evaluates standardized, evidence-based care plans for specific diagnoses or procedures. Clinical pathways map the expected course of care, including nursing interventions, diagnostic tests, medications, and patient education activities acr

2 surse1990
veterinary medicine

Clinical Scoring System in Veterinary Medicine

Clinical scoring systems provide standardized methods for objectively assessing animal health status, pain, disease severity, and treatment outcomes. Developed progressively by veterinary organizations and research groups since the early 2000s, these systems enable consistent documentation, comparison of cases, and evi

3 surse2000
clinical psychology

Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) is the gold standard structured interview for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Developed by Weathers, Litz, and Keane, the CAPS-5 directly operationalizes DSM-5 PTSD diagnostic criteria and assesses the frequency and intensity of symptoms

2 surse2013
clinical research

Cluster Randomized Trial

A cluster randomized trial (CRT) randomizes intact groups—schools, clinics, villages, or hospital wards—rather than individuals. Developed by Campbell, Grimshaw, and colleagues in the late 1990s to address real-world settings where intervention delivery or contamination occurs at the group level, CRTs are now standard

3 surse1999
clinical psychology

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Assessment

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) assessment is a structured diagnostic and formulation process that identifies the relationships between situations, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors maintaining psychological distress. Rooted in the cognitive model developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, CBT assessment produces a pe

2 surse1960
clinical research

Cohort Study Design

A cohort study follows a group of individuals forward in time from exposure to outcome. Exposed and unexposed participants (or participants with differing exposure levels) are enrolled at baseline, characterized, and observed prospectively until the outcome occurs or the study ends. Cohort studies are fundamental to ep

3 surse1970
psychotherapy research

Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale

The Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale (CSPRS) is an observer-rated measure of therapist adherence to a psychotherapy protocol and general competence in delivering the intervention. Developed for the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program, the CSPRS uses audiotape or videotape review to

2 surse1988
clinical psychology

Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale

The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale is a brief clinician-administered assessment of suicide risk developed by Kelly Posner and colleagues at Columbia University to address limitations in prior screening tools. First published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 2011, the C-SSRS has become the FDA-endorsed s

3 surse2008
speech language pathology

Communication Confidence Rating Scale for Aphasia

The Communication Confidence Rating Scale (CCRS or CRSA) is a brief self-report measure of perceived communication self-efficacy and confidence in communication situations among adults with aphasia. Unlike objective measures of language ability (Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination) or quality-of-life impact (Aphasia

3 surse2003
rehabilitation science

Community Integration Questionnaire

The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) is a brief, validated instrument specifically designed to assess how well individuals with brain injury, spinal cord injury, or other disabling conditions have reintegrated into community life across home, social, and work domains. Originally developed in 1993 by Willer and

2 surse1993
sleep medicine

Consensus Sleep Diary

The Consensus Sleep Diary is a standardized daily self-report instrument for prospective monitoring of sleep and wakefulness patterns. Developed by Carney and colleagues in 2012 through an international consensus process involving sleep medicine researchers and clinicians, it represents a unified approach to sleep trac

1 sursă2012
occupational therapy

COPM

The COPM is a client-centered, semi-structured assessment tool designed to measure change in occupational performance over time. Developed by Law and colleagues (1990) at McMaster University in Canada, it has become a cornerstone of occupational therapy practice, focusing on identifying and evaluating performance issue

2 surse1990
clinical psychology

Corah Dental Anxiety Scale

The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), also known as the Dental Anxiety Scale, is a brief 4-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure anxiety associated with dental treatment. Developed by Norman L. Corah in 1969, the DAS is the most widely used instrument for assessing dental anxiety in clinical practice and r

1 sursă1969
rehabilitation science

Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique

The Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) is a comprehensive interview-based measure designed to quantify how much a disabling condition restricts participation in six key social roles: physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, economic self-sufficiency, and cognitive independ

2 surse1992
addiction medicine

CUDIT-R

The CUDIT-R is a brief, 8-item self-report screening instrument developed to identify cannabis use disorder and hazardous cannabis use patterns. Introduced by Adamson and colleagues in 2010 as a revision of the original CUDIT, the CUDIT-R improves brevity and screening efficiency while maintaining strong psychometric p

1 sursă2010
transcultural nursing

Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument

The Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument (CCA) is a 25-item self-report measure designed to assess healthcare providers' cultural competence across four key domains: diversity experience, awareness, sensitivity, and competence behaviors. Developed by Schim, Doorenbos, and Borse in 2003, the CCA evaluates nurses' a

1 sursă2003
transcultural nursing

Cultural Humility Scale

The Cultural Humility Scale (CHS) is a self-report instrument designed to assess healthcare providers' capacity for cultural humility—a stance of openness, self-reflection, and power-sharing with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Originating from theoretical work by Tervalon and Murray-García (1998) and opera

2 surse1998
clinical assessment

CURB-65 Pneumonia Severity Score

CURB-65, derived and validated by Lim et al. in 2003, is a 5-point severity of illness score for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It assesses confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 years to stratify mortality risk and guide admission and treatment decisions.

2 surse2003
pain medicine

Dallas Pain Questionnaire

The Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) is a 16-item self-report instrument developed by Lawlis and colleagues in 1989 to assess the multidimensional impact of low back pain. The DPQ captures four domains: daily activities impact, work/leisure impairment, anxiety/depression, and pain severity, providing a comprehensive pro

3 surse1989
rehabilitation

DASH Outcome Measure

The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure physical disability and symptoms in patients with upper extremity disorders. Developed by Hudak, Amadio, and Bombardier in 1996, the DASH has become the most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for

2 surse1996
nursing

Delirium Observation Screening Scale

The Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS), developed by Mieke J. Schuurmans and colleagues in 2003, is a brief clinician-rated screening instrument designed to detect delirium in hospitalized older adults. Delirium—acute onset confusion, inattention, and disorganized thinking—is a common complication in hospitals

2 surse2003
clinical psychology

Depression Anxiety Stress Scales

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely

2 surse1995
cardiology

Diabetes Distress Scale

The Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) is a 17-item self-report measure that quantifies emotional and psychosocial distress specifically related to living with and managing diabetes. Developed by Polonsky and colleagues in 2005, the DDS captures diabetes-specific worries (e.g., regimen burden, fear of complications, social

1 sursă2005
cardiology

Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale

The Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses a patient's confidence in their ability to manage key diabetes self-care tasks: medication adherence, glucose monitoring, diet management, exercise, and coping with symptoms or complications. Developed by Lorig and colleagues based

2 surse2009
clinical research

Diagnostic Accuracy Study Design

A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative

3 surse2003
clinical psychology

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive, multimodal psychosocial intervention developed by Marsha M. Linehan to treat individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and chronic suicidality. Combining cognitive-behavioral principles with dialectical philosophy and Zen principles, DBT is delivered t

2 surse1993
clinical psychology

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale

The DERS is a 36-item self-report measure assessing multidimensional emotion dysregulation across six related but distinct facets. Developed by Gratz and Roemer in 2004, it has become a cornerstone transdiagnostic measure in emotion regulation research, capturing emotional avoidance, behavioral dyscontrol, and limited

1 sursă2004
rehabilitation science

Disability Rating Scale

The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) is a brief, clinician-administered measure specifically designed to assess the severity of disability and functional recovery across the entire spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI)—from acute coma to community reintegration. Developed by Rappaport and colleagues in 1982, DRS has be

2 surse1982
sleep medicine

DISS

The Daytime Insomnia Symptom Scale (DISS) is a focused assessment tool measuring the daytime functional consequences and symptoms resulting from nighttime insomnia. Developed within research on sleep disturbance and daytime functioning, it captures the daytime manifestations of poor sleep: fatigue, concentration diffic

1 sursă2007
pharmacology

Dissolution f1/f2 Similarity

The f1 and f2 factors are dimensionless statistical measures developed by Moore and Flanner to quantify the similarity between two dissolution profiles. Adopted by regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA) as the gold standard for comparing dissolution curves, these factors enable rapid assessment of whether formulation changes s

2 surse1996
addiction medicine

DUDIT

The DUDIT is a brief, gender-sensitive screening instrument designed to identify individuals with harmful or hazardous drug use patterns across a wide range of substances. Developed by Berman and colleagues in 2005, it serves as a primary care and public health screening tool to detect drug-related problems before they

1 sursă2005
cardiology

Duke Activity Status Index

The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a 12-item self-report questionnaire that estimates functional capacity—the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) a patient can achieve—based on their ability to perform common daily activities. Developed by Hlatky and colleagues in 1989, the DASI provides a non-invasive assessmen

1 sursă1989
health measurement

Duke Health Profile

The Duke Health Profile (DUKE) is a 17-item self-report measure of health-related quality of life developed by Parkerson and colleagues at Duke University in 1989. It assesses health across six dimensions: physical function, mental health, social function, general health perceptions, anxiety, and depression. The instru

3 surse1989
speech language pathology

Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale

The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) is a 7-point clinician-rated ordinal scale that measures the severity of swallowing dysfunction and functional swallowing outcomes across two dimensions: safety (penetration-aspiration risk) and efficiency (oral intake adequacy and diet level tolerance). Developed by O'Ne

3 surse1999
nursing

Early Warning Score

The Early Warning Score (EWS), most commonly known as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in the UK, is a standardized tool for identifying acutely unwell patients at risk of deterioration. Developed by the Royal College of Physicians and validated through research by Smith, Prytherch, and colleagues, NEWS combines

2 surse2012
dermatology

EASI

The EASI is a structured, clinician-administered tool for assessing the extent and intensity of atopic dermatitis across the body. Developed by Hanifin and colleagues in 2001, it divides the body into four regions with weighted area factors, ensuring proportional contribution to total score. EASI has become the primary

2 surse2001
clinical psychology

EDE-Q

The EDE-Q is a 28-item self-report questionnaire derived from the gold-standard Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. Developed by Fairburn and Beglin in 1993, it measures the cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal features of eating disorders. It is widely used in both research and clinical screening because i

3 surse1993
clinical psychology

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a 10-item self-report screening questionnaire developed by John Cox, Jeni Holden, and Ruth Sagovsky in 1987 to identify postnatal depression in new mothers. Published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the EPDS specifically addresses depressive symptoms common in the postp

3 surse1987
neurology

EDSS

The EDSS is the most widely used clinical disability rating scale in multiple sclerosis research and practice. Developed by John Kurtzke in 1983, it provides a 0-10 ordinal scale capturing disease severity across eight neurological functional systems and functional status. The EDSS remains the primary endpoint in MS cl

1 sursă1983
occupational health

Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale

The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale is an occupational stress assessment tool based on a reciprocal model of work stress. Developed by Johannes Siegrist in 1996, the ERI measures the degree to which employees experience imbalance between their job efforts (demands, overcommitment) and job rewards (income, recogniti

2 surse1996
clinical psychology

Emotion Dysregulation Scale

The EDS is a brief self-report measure of emotion dysregulation—difficulty managing and controlling emotional responses. Developed by Silk, Steinberg, and Morris in 2003 in longitudinal adolescent research, it captures emotional lability, emotional negativity, and emotional undercontrol linked to psychopathology and be

1 sursă2003
clinical psychology

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

The ERQ is a 10-item self-report measure assessing two primary emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Developed by Gross and John in 2003, it has become a foundational instrument in emotion regulation research, widely used across clinical, developmental, and social psychology.

1 sursă2003
occupational health

Employee Wellbeing Scale

The Employee Wellbeing Scale (EWS) measures workers' subjective wellbeing across five dimensions: vitality (energy and physical health), motivation (engagement with work), self-perception (confidence and self-worth), social connection (relationships and belonging), and general life satisfaction. Developed by Page and V

2 surse2009
psychiatric rehabilitation

Empowerment Scale

The Empowerment Scale, developed by Elaine Salisbury Rogers and colleagues in 1997, is a 28-item self-report instrument assessing personal empowerment in individuals with serious mental illness. Empowerment reflects the individual's sense of agency, self-efficacy, and power to make meaningful life choices and participa

1 sursă1997
oncology

EORTC QLQ-BR23

The EORTC QLQ-BR23 is a 23-item breast-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire, assessing functional and symptom domains unique to breast cancer. Validated by Sprangers et al. in 1996, it measures body image, sexual function, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms, making i

2 surse1996
oncology

EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL

The EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL is a 15-item quality-of-life instrument specifically designed for advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. Developed by Groenvold et al. in 2006, it is a shortened version of the QLQ-C30, retaining core QoL domains while reducing respondent burden—critical in palliative settings where f

2 surse2006
oncology

EORTC QLQ-CX24

The EORTC QLQ-CX24 is a 24-item cervical-cancer-specific module designed to complement the EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed by Greimel et al. in 2006, it measures sexual/vaginal function, body image, lymphedema, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms specific to cervical cancer and its treatments. It is t

2 surse2006
oncology

EORTC QLQ-LC13

The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is a 13-item lung-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed and validated by Bergman et al. in 1994, it measures lung-specific symptoms (dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain) and treatment toxicities (sore mouth, dysphagia). It is the stan

2 surse1994
health measurement

EQ-5D

The EQ-5D is a standardized, preference-based health utility measure developed by the EuroQol Group in 1990. It combines a descriptive health profile (five dimensions, three or five response levels) with a visual analog scale to quantify overall health status. The instrument has become essential for health economics, c

3 surse1990
oncology nursing

ESAS

The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System is a rapid, validated 9-item tool that assesses the severity of common symptoms in cancer and palliative care patients: pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite loss, general well-being, and shortness of breath. Developed by Bruera and colleagues at the U

2 surse1991
occupational health

Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale

The Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale (EDIS), based on work by Shirom and colleagues, is a brief burnout assessment tool measuring two core dimensions of occupational burnout: emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion, and psychological disengagement from work. Developed in the early 2000s, the EDIS emphasizes the

2 surse2003
clinical psychology

Exposure and Response Prevention

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a behavioral intervention designed to reduce anxiety and compulsive behaviors by having clients repeatedly confront feared situations or intrusive thoughts without engaging in safety behaviors or compulsions. Developed by Edna B. Foa and colleagues in the 1980s, ERP is now cons

2 surse1986
oncology

FACT-Anemia

The FACT-Anemia (FACT-An) is a quality-of-life measure combining the 27-item FACT-G core with a disease-specific subscale focusing on fatigue and anemia-related symptoms common in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or dealing with cancer-induced anemia. Developed by Yellen et al. in 1997, it quantifies the impact o

2 surse1997
oncology nursing

FACT-B

The FACT-B is a comprehensive 36-item disease-specific quality-of-life instrument that integrates the generic FACT-G (27 items covering physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being) with a 9-item breast-cancer-specific subscale addressing body image, sexual function, arm symptoms, and treatment side effects.

2 surse1997
oncology

FACT-Colorectal

The FACT-Colorectal (FACT-C) is a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument designed for patients with colorectal cancer. It combines the 27-item FACT-G core (general cancer) with a 9-item colorectal-specific subscale addressing bowel function, sexual function, and cancer-related digestive concerns. Validated by Ward

2 surse1999
oncology nursing

FACT-G

The FACT-G is a 27-item self-report questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life in cancer patients across four key domains: physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Developed by Cella et al. in 1993, it has become one of the most widely used generic QoL instruments in oncology research

2 surse1993
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