Compară metode

	Testul Breusch-Pagan pentru heteroschedasticitate	GARCH Exponențial (EGARCH)	GJR-GARCH (GARCH Asimetric)
Domeniu	Econometrie	Econometrie	Econometrie
Familie	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Anul apariției	1979	1991	1993
Autorul original	Trevor Breusch & Adrian Pagan	Nelson	Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993); Zakoian (1994)
Tip	Lagrange-multiplier test for heteroskedasticity	Conditional volatility model (asymmetric GARCH variant)	Asymmetric conditional volatility model
Sursa seminală	Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287–1294.	Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347-370.	Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R. & Runkle, D. E. (1993). On the Relation Between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks. The Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1779-1801.
Denumiri alternative	BP test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test, Lagrange multiplier test for heteroskedasticity, Breusch-Pagan değişen varyans testi	exponential GARCH, Nelson's EGARCH, asymmetric GARCH, EGARCH — Üstel GARCH	asymmetric GARCH, leverage GARCH, TGARCH, GJR-GARCH — Asimetrik GARCH (Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle)
Înrudite	3	4	5
Rezumat	The Breusch-Pagan test, introduced by Trevor Breusch and Adrian Pagan in 1979, is a Lagrange-multiplier test for heteroskedasticity — the condition where the variance of a regression's errors changes with the explanatory variables. It works by regressing the squared OLS residuals on candidate variables and checking whether they explain any of the residual variation, signalling that the constant-variance assumption is violated.	EGARCH is an asymmetric GARCH variant, introduced by Nelson in 1991, that models the leverage effect in which bad news raises volatility more than good news of the same size. It captures the negative-shock asymmetry of financial return series by modelling the logarithm of the conditional variance.	GJR-GARCH is a variant of the GARCH conditional-volatility model that captures the asymmetric effect of negative shocks on volatility using an indicator variable. It was introduced by Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle (1993), with a closely related threshold formulation by Zakoian (1994).