Compară metode
Examinează metodele selectate una lângă alta; rândurile care diferă sunt evidențiate.
| Scala de Leadership Autentic× | Scala de Leadership Toxic× | |
|---|---|---|
| Domeniu | Comportament organizațional | Comportament organizațional |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anul apariției≠ | 2008 | 2007 |
| Autorul original≠ | Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing, and Peterson | Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad |
| Tip≠ | Self-report scale | Observational scale |
| Sursa seminală≠ | Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. DOI ↗ | Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207-216. DOI ↗ |
| Denumiri alternative | Walumbwa ALS | Destructive Leadership Scale |
| Înrudite | 4 | 4 |
| Rezumat≠ | The Authentic Leadership Scale (ALS) is a 16-item instrument measuring four dimensions of authentic leadership: self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspective. Developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, and colleagues in 2008, the ALS assesses leadership grounded in self-knowledge and ethical conviction. | The Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. |
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