Comparar métodos

	Modelo de Seleção Amostral de Heckman (Heckit / Tipo II Tobit)	Modelo de Efeitos Fixos para Dados em Painel	Regressão Quantílica
Área	Econometria	Econometria	Econometria
Família	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Ano de origem	1979	2014	1978
Autor original	James J. Heckman	Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data	Koenker & Bassett
Tipo	Two-step sample selection model	Panel data regression	Conditional quantile regression
Fonte seminal	Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161.	Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
Outros nomes	heckit, tobit type II, sample selection model, Heckman Seçim Modeli (Heckit / Tobit II)	fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
Relacionados	4	5	5
Resumo	The Heckman selection model, introduced by James J. Heckman in 1979, is a two-step model that corrects sample selection bias when the outcome is only observed for a non-random subset of cases. A probit selection equation models who is observed, and the outcome equation then corrects for the resulting bias using the inverse Mills ratio.	The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.