Linear Quadratic Gaussian
The Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller combines the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) with a Kalman Filter to handle stochastic systems with measurement noise and process noise. Developed by Kalman and later formalized by Athans and others, LQG is the natural stochastic extension of LQR and remains the gold standard for optimal linear control under noise, with applications spanning spacecraft, aircraft autopilot, and industrial process control.
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- Kalman, R. E. (1960). A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Journal of Basic Engineering, 82(1), 35-45. · DOI 10.1115/1.3662552
- Athans, M. (1971). The role and use of the stochastic linear-quadratic-gaussian problem in control system design. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 16(6), 529-552. · DOI 10.1109/TAC.1971.1099818
- Kwakernaak, H., & Sivan, R. (1972). Linear Optimal Control Systems. Wiley-Interscience. · URL
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