Spatial Propensity Score Matching
Spatial Propensity Score Matching (Spatial PSM) extends the classic propensity score matching framework to settings where units are embedded in geographic space and treatment assignment or outcomes may be spatially correlated. By incorporating spatial covariates and adjacency structure into the propensity model and matching procedure, it produces causal estimates that account for geographic confounding and spillover effects.
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- Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55. · DOI 10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
- Kelejian, H. H., & Prucha, I. R. (2004). Estimation of simultaneous systems of spatially interrelated cross sectional equations. Journal of Econometrics, 118(1-2), 27-50. · DOI 10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00133-7
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