방법 비교

	가치 흐름 맵핑 (Value Stream Mapping, VSM)	제약이론 (Theory of Constraints, TOC)
분야	품질경영	품질경영
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1999	1990
창시자	Mike Rother & John Shook	Eliyahu Goldratt
유형	Visual process analysis tool	Continuous improvement framework
원전	Rother, M., & Shook, J. (1999). Learning to See: Value Stream Mapping to Add Value and Eliminate Muda. Lean Enterprise Institute. ISBN: 978-0-9667843-0-5	Goldratt, E. M. (1990). Theory of Constraints. North River Press. ISBN: 978-0-88427-166-6
별칭	VSM, Material and Information Flow Mapping, Lean Flow Mapping, Değer Akış Haritalama	TOC, Constraint Management, Bottleneck Theory, Kısıtlar Teorisi
관련	3	3
요약	Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a lean management technique used to visualize, analyze, and improve the flow of materials and information required to bring a product or service from raw input to customer delivery. Introduced by Mike Rother and John Shook in their 1999 workbook Learning to See, VSM draws on the Toyota Production System tradition to expose waste, delays, and non-value-adding activities across the entire production value stream.	The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy and continuous improvement framework introduced by Eliyahu Goldratt in his 1984 novel The Goal and formalized in his 1990 book. TOC holds that every system has at least one constraint — a bottleneck that limits the system's overall throughput — and that systematically identifying and addressing that constraint is the most effective lever for improving performance. It is widely applied in manufacturing, project management, supply chains, and service operations.