방법 비교

	전이 엔트로피(Transfer Entropy)	수렴 교차 사상 (Convergent Cross Mapping, CCM)	그랜저 인과성 검정
분야	인과추론	인과추론	계량경제학
계열	Machine learning	Machine learning	Regression model
기원 연도	2000	2012	1969
창시자	Thomas Schreiber	George Sugihara et al.	Clive W. J. Granger
유형	Non-parametric information-theoretic measure	Nonlinear time-series causality test	Time-series predictive causality test
원전	Schreiber, T. (2000). Measuring information transfer. Physical Review Letters, 85(2), 461–464.	Sugihara, G., et al. (2012). Detecting causality in complex ecosystems. Science, 338(6106), 496–500.	Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
별칭	Schreiber Information Transfer, Directed Information Flow, Conditional Mutual Information (directed), Transfer Entropisi	CCM, Cross-Convergent Mapping, Empirical Dynamic Modelling Causality, Yakınsak Çapraz Haritalama	Granger causality test, Granger non-causality test, predictive causality test, Granger Nedensellik Testi
관련	3	3	5
요약	Transfer Entropy (TE) is a non-parametric, information-theoretic measure of directed statistical dependence between two time series, introduced by Thomas Schreiber in 2000. Grounded in Shannon entropy, it quantifies how much information the past of one process Y reduces uncertainty about the next state of another process X, beyond what X's own past already provides. Unlike linear correlation or Granger causality, TE captures nonlinear interactions and requires no model assumptions about the underlying dynamics.	Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) is a nonlinear, state-space method for detecting causality between time-series variables embedded in a shared dynamical system. Introduced by George Sugihara and colleagues in their landmark 2012 Science paper, CCM exploits Takens' embedding theorem: if variable X causally influences Y, the historical record of Y contains enough information to recover the states of X. Causality is confirmed when cross-map skill improves—converges—as the time-series library grows longer.	The Granger causality test, introduced by Clive W. J. Granger in 1969, assesses whether the past values of one time series help predict another beyond what the latter's own past already explains. It defines causality in a strictly predictive sense rather than as a structural or physical cause.