방법 비교

	조사	델파이 기법	혼합 연구 방법론
분야	조사방법론	조사방법론	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s	1950s–1963	—
창시자	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	—
유형	Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument	Iterative expert consensus technique	Research design framework
원전	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study	Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel	Karma Yöntem Araştırması (Mixed Methods), multi-method research, triangulation design
관련	6	6	4
요약	A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost.	The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion.	Mixed methods research is a systematic research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed within a single study. Formalised by Creswell and Plano Clark (2003, 3rd ed. 2018), it offers three principal design variants — concurrent, sequential, and transformative — and strengthens findings through triangulation across both data strands.