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| 구조화된 면접× | 준구조화 면담× | |
|---|---|---|
| 분야≠ | 조사방법론 | 질적 방법 |
| 계열 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 기원 연도≠ | 1940s–1950s | 1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s |
| 창시자≠ | Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century | Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale |
| 유형≠ | Quantitative / mixed data collection technique | Qualitative research method |
| 원전≠ | Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage. link ↗ | Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422 |
| 별칭 | standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview | guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI |
| 관련≠ | 4 | 6 |
| 요약≠ | A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. | The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research. |
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