방법 비교

	공간 성향 점수 가중치	공간 성향 점수 매칭
분야	인과추론	인과추론
계열	Regression model	Regression model
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	2000s
창시자	Extended from Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (2003) IPTW with spatial adaptations by Keele, Titiunik and others in geographically structured causal designs	Extension of Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) PSM to spatial settings; spatial adaptation developed in applied econometrics and epidemiology literature from the 2000s onward
유형	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Quasi-experimental matching estimator
원전	Keele, L., & Titiunik, R. (2015). Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities. Political Analysis, 23(1), 127-155.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
별칭	spatial PSW, geographically weighted propensity score weighting, spatial IPTW, spatially adjusted inverse probability weighting	Spatial PSM, Geospatial PSM, Spatially-adjusted propensity score matching, Geographic propensity score matching
관련	6	6
요약	Spatial propensity score weighting extends inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to settings where units are geographically located and treatment assignment may depend on spatial factors such as location, neighborhood characteristics, or spatial clustering. By incorporating spatial covariates into the propensity score model and adjusting standard errors for spatial autocorrelation, it produces more credible causal estimates from observational geographic data.	Spatial Propensity Score Matching (Spatial PSM) extends the classic propensity score matching framework to settings where units are embedded in geographic space and treatment assignment or outcomes may be spatially correlated. By incorporating spatial covariates and adjacency structure into the propensity model and matching procedure, it produces causal estimates that account for geographic confounding and spillover effects.