방법 비교

	연구 진실성 원칙	데이터 조작 및 위조
분야	연구윤리	연구윤리
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2007	2005
창시자	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)	U.S. Office of Research Integrity; definitions in federal policy 42 CFR 93
유형	Framework	Standard
원전	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.	U.S. Office of Research Integrity. (2005). Public Health Service Policy on Research Misconduct. 42 CFR Part 93. Definitions of fabrication and falsification.
별칭	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards	FFP Data Violations, Data Integrity Violations
관련	4	3
요약	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.	Data fabrication and falsification are serious forms of research misconduct involving intentional misrepresentation of research data. Fabrication means inventing data that were never actually collected; falsification means altering authentic data to change the meaning. Both undermine scientific integrity, waste research resources, and can harm research subjects and the public. Federal policy (42 CFR Part 93) formally defines these violations; detection is improving through statistical analysis tools and data transparency practices; prevention requires robust data governance and culture of accountability.