방법 비교

	Quantitative-Dominant Concurrent Embedded Mixed Methods Design	다수준 혼합 방법 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2003–2007	Late 1990s–2000s
창시자	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
별칭	QUAN-dominant embedded design, concurrent embedded design (QUAN priority), quantitative-primary embedded mixed methods, QUAN+qual embedded design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
관련	5	5
요약	A mixed methods design in which a dominant quantitative study (survey, experiment, or other large-scale numeric inquiry) is conducted simultaneously with a smaller, embedded qualitative component. The qualitative strand serves a secondary, supporting role — such as explaining mechanisms, capturing participant experience, or monitoring implementation — while the quantitative strand drives the primary research questions and conclusions. Both strands run concurrently rather than sequentially.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.