방법 비교

	프롬프트 엔지니어링	검색 증강 생성 (RAG)
분야	텍스트 마이닝	텍스트 마이닝
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2020 (few-shot prompting); 2022 (chain-of-thought)	2020
창시자	Tom Brown et al. (GPT-3 / few-shot framing, 2020); chain-of-thought extended by Jason Wei et al. (2022)	Lewis, Patrick et al. (Meta AI / Facebook AI Research)
유형	NLP pipeline — structured instruction design for large language models	Hybrid retrieval + generation pipeline
원전	Brown, T. et al. (2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 33, 1877-1901.	Lewis, P. et al. (2020). Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 33, 9459-9474.
별칭	instruction design, LLM prompting, Yönerge Mühendisliği (Prompt Engineering)	RAG, retrieval-augmented LLM, grounded generation, Erişim Destekli Metin Üretimi (RAG)
관련	7	7
요약	Prompt engineering is the practice of crafting structured natural-language instructions — prompts — to elicit targeted outputs from large language models (LLMs). Formalised by Brown et al. (2020) in the context of GPT-3 and extended by Wei et al. (2022) with chain-of-thought prompting, it encompasses four main strategies: zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought, and tree-of-thought. Rather than re-training a model, the analyst shapes the model's behaviour entirely through the design of the input text.	Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a natural-language-processing pipeline introduced by Lewis et al. in 2020 that strengthens a large language model (LLM) with evidence fetched at inference time from an external knowledge base. Instead of relying solely on what a model memorised during training, RAG first retrieves the most relevant passages from a document index and then hands those passages to the LLM as context, grounding the generated answer in verifiable, up-to-date information. The approach reduces hallucination and allows domain-specific or time-sensitive knowledge to be injected without retraining the model.