방법 비교

	참여형 프로그램 평가	액션 리서치
분야	현장 조사법	질적 연구
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1992 (formal articulation); roots in participatory action research of the 1970s–1980s	1946
창시자	J. Bradley Cousins & Lorna Earl (formalization); Michael Q. Patton (utilization-focused lineage)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
유형	Applied evaluation approach	Method
원전	Cousins, J. B., & Earl, L. M. (1992). The case for participatory evaluation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(4), 397–418.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
별칭	participatory evaluation, collaborative evaluation, PE, stakeholder-involved evaluation	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
관련	3	1
요약	Participatory program evaluation is an applied evaluation approach in which program stakeholders — staff, participants, funders, or community members — are actively involved as co-evaluators rather than passive subjects. By engaging those closest to the program in designing questions, collecting data, and interpreting findings, the approach aims to increase both the quality of the evaluation and the likelihood that findings will be understood, owned, and acted upon.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.