방법 비교

	자연 실험	단일 눈가림 무작위 대조 시험
분야	실험설계	실험설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1990s (formal methodological articulation); earlier in epidemiology (John Snow, 1854)	1948 (formalized); single-blind variant established in mid-20th century clinical trial methodology
창시자	Varied; systematized in econometrics and political science (e.g., Meyer 1995; Angrist & Krueger 1991)	Bradford Hill and colleagues (MRC streptomycin trial, 1948); blinding conventions codified in CONSORT guidelines
유형	Quasi-experimental research design	Experimental design — blinded randomized trial
원전	Meyer, B. D. (1995). Natural and quasi-experiments in economics. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 13(2), 151–161.	Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & CONSORT Group. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
별칭	natural quasi-experiment, naturally occurring experiment, exogenous shock design, as-if randomization	single-masked RCT, single-blind RCT, single-blind trial, SB-RCT
관련	3	5
요약	A natural experiment exploits a real-world event, policy, or circumstance that assigns individuals to treatment and control conditions in a way that is plausibly random — or at least exogenous to the outcome of interest. Because the researcher does not control assignment, it occupies a middle ground between a true randomized controlled trial and purely observational research, offering stronger causal leverage than conventional observational designs when the as-if randomization assumption holds.	A single-blind randomized controlled trial (SB-RCT) is a rigorous experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions while remaining unaware of which condition they have received. Investigators, outcome assessors, and data analysts are not blinded. By masking participants, the design eliminates placebo and nocebo response biases on the participant side, while preserving investigator flexibility to administer and monitor the intervention.