방법 비교

	다수준 혼합 방법 설계	동시 내재 혼합 연구 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Late 1990s–2000s	2003–2007
창시자	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412975179
별칭	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods	embedded mixed methods, nested mixed methods design, concurrent nested design, CEMM
관련	5	6
요약	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.	The concurrent embedded mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data at the same time, but assigns unequal priority to the two strands: one (usually quantitative) serves as the primary study, while the other (usually qualitative) is nested inside it to answer a supplementary question. The embedded strand does not stand alone; it provides a different perspective on the same phenomenon within a single unified study.