방법 비교

	물질수지분석 (MFA)	전 과정 평가 (Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)	LMDI 분해
분야	지속가능성	지속가능성	지속가능성
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Regression model
기원 연도	2004	2009	2005
창시자	Brunner & Rechberger	ISO 14040 framework; Finnveden et al.	B. W. Ang
유형	Quantitative systems accounting method	Environmental impact accounting pipeline	Index-based factor decomposition
원전	Brunner, P. H., & Rechberger, H. (2004). Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis. Lewis Publishers. ISBN: 978-1-56670-604-9	Finnveden, G., et al. (2009). Recent developments in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(1), 1–21.	Ang, B. W. (2005). The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide. Energy Policy, 33(7), 867–871.
별칭	Substance Flow Analysis, Bulk-MFA, Material Flux Analysis, Malzeme Akış Analizi	Life Cycle Analysis, Cradle-to-Grave Analysis, Ecobalance, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi	Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI-I Additive Decomposition, LMDI-II Multiplicative Decomposition, Logaritmik Ortalama Divisia İndeksi
관련	3	3	2
요약	Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a systematic method for quantifying the flows and stocks of materials within a defined system boundary over a specified time period. Introduced comprehensively by Paul H. Brunner and Helmut Rechberger in their 2004 handbook, MFA applies mass-balance principles to track how raw materials, products, wastes, and emissions move through industrial, urban, or national metabolisms, enabling evidence-based resource management and waste policy.	Life Cycle Assessment is a systematic, ISO-standardized methodology for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service across its entire life span — from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life disposal. Codified in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and comprehensively reviewed by Finnveden et al. (2009), LCA enables decision-makers to compare alternatives, identify environmental hotspots, and support eco-design, with applications spanning products, buildings, energy systems, and public policy.	Log-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) Decomposition is a quantitative technique for attributing changes in an aggregate indicator — most commonly energy consumption or CO₂ emissions — to its underlying driving factors, such as activity level, structural mix, and intensity. Introduced in its definitive practical form by B. W. Ang in 2005, LMDI builds on Divisia index theory and uses the logarithmic mean as a weighting function to achieve a mathematically perfect, residual-free decomposition.