방법 비교

	짝짓기 무작위 임상시험	다기관 무작위 배정 임상시험
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Mid-20th century concept; methodological formalization circa 2000–2010	1970s–1980s (widespread adoption for large-scale efficacy trials)
창시자	Developed formally in biostatistics literature; Greevy, Imai and colleagues advanced modern frameworks in the 2000s	Evolved from single-center RCT methodology; consolidated through landmark trials such as the MRC streptomycin trial (1948) and large cardiovascular mega-trials of the 1970s–1980s
유형	Experimental clinical study design	Interventional experimental design
원전	Imai, K., King, G., & Nall, C. (2009). The essential role of pair matching in cluster-randomized experiments, with application to the Mexican universal health insurance evaluation. Statistical Science, 24(1), 29–53.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
별칭	matched RCT, matched-pair randomized trial, matched randomized controlled trial, covariate-matched RCT	multi-site RCT, multicenter RCT, multinational randomized trial, multicenter controlled trial
관련	6	6
요약	A matched randomized clinical trial pairs participants (or clusters) on key baseline characteristics before randomization, then allocates one member of each pair to treatment and the other to control. This design combines the causal validity of randomization with the covariate balance of matching, increasing statistical efficiency and reducing confounding from known prognostic variables without sacrificing the internal validity of a controlled experiment.	A multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which eligible participants are randomly assigned to intervention or control arms simultaneously across two or more clinical sites. By combining the rigor of randomization with enrollment from geographically or institutionally diverse centers, this design produces large samples and externally valid effect estimates that single-center trials rarely achieve. It is the regulatory gold standard for confirmatory efficacy and safety evaluation of new treatments.