방법 비교

	짝을 이룬 3상 임상시험	Phase III 임상시험
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Mid-20th century (matching in RCTs formalized ~1950s–1970s)	1962 (Kefauver-Harris Amendment formalised phased drug development)
창시자	Fisher, R. A. (matching principles); adapted into confirmatory trial design over mid-20th century	FDA regulatory framework / ICH guidelines
유형	Controlled confirmatory clinical trial with matching	Confirmatory randomised controlled trial
원전	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
별칭	matched controlled Phase III trial, Phase III matched-pair trial, matched confirmatory trial, matched late-phase RCT	Phase 3 trial, confirmatory trial, pivotal trial, Phase III RCT
관련	5	6
요약	A matched Phase III clinical trial is a confirmatory, late-stage controlled study in which each participant assigned to the experimental treatment is paired with one or more controls who share key prognostic characteristics — such as age, disease stage, or comorbidities — before treatment allocation. By ensuring baseline comparability at the level of matched pairs, the design reduces confounding and improves statistical efficiency in settings where simple randomization alone may produce imbalanced groups or where full randomization is logistically or ethically constrained.	A Phase III clinical trial is a large-scale, confirmatory randomised controlled trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of an intervention in the target patient population before regulatory submission. It builds on the signal identified in Phase II, tests the intervention at its proposed dose under controlled conditions, and provides the primary evidence base for marketing authorisation or guideline adoption.