방법 비교

	Multidimensional Loneliness Assessment	De Jong Gierveld 외로움 척도 (DJGLS)
분야	Social Gerontology	사회심리학
계열	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1996	1985
창시자	Daniel W. Russell (building on Weiss; Russell, Peplau & Cutrona)	Jenny De Jong Gierveld and Fons Kamphuis
유형	Latent-construct framework and measurement of loneliness	Self-report questionnaire
원전	Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.	De Jong Gierveld, J., & Kamphuis, F. (1985). The development of a Rasch-type loneliness scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(4), 289-299.
별칭	Emotional and Social Loneliness Measurement, Discrepancy Model of Loneliness, Cognitive-Discrepancy Loneliness Assessment, Loneliness Factor-Structure Assessment	DJGLS, De Jong-Gierveld Scale, 11-item Loneliness Scale
관련	4	3
요약	Multidimensional loneliness assessment treats loneliness not as simple aloneness but as the distressing perceived gap between the social relationships a person wants and the ones they actually have. This cognitive-discrepancy view, rooted in Robert Weiss's distinction between emotional and social loneliness, holds that the absence of an intimate attachment produces a different, qualitatively distinct loneliness from the absence of an engaging social network. Daniel Russell's 1996 psychometric work, developing the third version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, established the measurement properties, factor structure, reliability, and validity that anchor the broader assessment tradition. The framework matters enormously for gerontology because loneliness in later life is a strong, independent predictor of depression, cognitive decline, and mortality, yet it does not reduce to objective isolation. Measuring it well requires capturing the subjective adequacy of relationships across both intimate and network dimensions. The approach gives researchers reliable, validated instruments and a clear conceptual model of what loneliness is and how it should be scored.	The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is one of the most extensively used brief instruments for measuring loneliness in population surveys, clinical research, and gerontological studies. Developed by Jenny De Jong Gierveld and Fons Kamphuis in 1985, the 11-item scale (with a shorter 6-item version available) measures emotional and social dimensions of loneliness, based on the theory that loneliness arises from a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships. The DJGLS is valued for its brevity, ease of administration, strong psychometric properties, and widespread availability in 30+ languages.