방법 비교

	Kruskal-Wallis H 검정	다변량 분산 분석 (MANOVA)	일원 분산 분석
분야	통계학	통계학	통계학
계열	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
기원 연도	1952	1932	1925
창시자	William Kruskal & W. Allen Wallis	Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)	Ronald A. Fisher
유형	Nonparametric group comparison	Parametric multivariate mean comparison	Parametric mean comparison
원전	Kruskal, W. H. & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621.	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
별칭	Kruskal-Wallis H test, one-way ANOVA on ranks, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis Testi	Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA
관련	5	5	4
요약	The Kruskal-Wallis H test is a nonparametric hypothesis test that compares three or more independent groups to decide whether their distributions (typically their medians) differ. Introduced by William Kruskal and W. Allen Wallis in 1952, it works on ranks rather than raw values and is the distribution-free counterpart to one-way ANOVA.	MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.