방법 비교

	역방향 표본 추출	이중 표본 추출	순위 집합 표본 추출	순차 분석 (그룹 순차 설계)
분야	표본추출	표본추출	표본추출	통계학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
기원 연도	1945	1938	1952	1977
창시자	John Burdon Sanderson Haldane	Jerzy Neyman	Glenn A. McIntyre	P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock
유형	Sequential sampling method	Multi-phase sampling design	Sampling design methodology	Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test
원전	Haldane, J. B. S. (1945). On a method of estimating frequencies. Biometrika, 33(3), 222–224.	Neyman, J. (1938). Contribution to the theory of sampling human populations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 33(201), 101–116.	McIntyre, G. A. (1952). A method for unbiased selective sampling using ranked sets. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(4), 385–390.	O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556.
별칭	Sequential Sampling	Two-Phase Sampling	RSS	sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design)
관련	3	4	4	5
요약	Inverse Sampling is a sequential sampling strategy where sampling continues until a fixed number of occurrences of a rare event or item of interest is observed. Introduced by J. B. S. Haldane in 1945, it is particularly efficient for estimating rare event probabilities or proportions when the target is sparse and costly to detect.	Double Sampling (also called two-phase or multistage sampling) is a survey design in which a large preliminary sample is collected using inexpensive methods or partial information, then a smaller subsample is drawn from it and measured in detail. Pioneered by Jerzy Neyman in 1938, it is particularly useful when a cheap surrogate measurement is available but true measurement is expensive.	Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) is a data collection method introduced by G. A. McIntyre in 1952 that improves estimation efficiency when visual ranking of units is easier or cheaper than actual measurement. By deliberately selecting and measuring units that are ranked as most likely to yield desired outcomes, RSS reduces variance compared to simple random sampling while maintaining unbiasedness.	Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments.