방법 비교

	그릿 척도	일반적 자기효능감 척도	위트레흐트 직무 몰입 척도
분야	사회심리학	사회심리학	사회심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2007	1995	2002
창시자	Angela Duckworth	Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem	Wilmar Schaufeli, Arnold Bakker, and Marisa Salanova
유형	Perseverance and long-term goal commitment measure	Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure	Occupational well-being and engagement scale
원전	Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101.	Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286	Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
별칭	GRIT, Perseverance and Passion Scale, Duckworth Grit Scale	GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy	UWES, Work Engagement Scale, Schaufeli Work Engagement
관련	3	3	3
요약	The Grit Scale is a 12-item measure assessing grit—the combination of perseverance (sustained effort despite obstacles) and passion (consistent interest and commitment) for long-term goals. Developed by Angela Duckworth and colleagues in 2007, the GRIT operationalizes grit as a distinct personality construct predicting achievement in challenging domains. The measure has become widely used in educational and organizational research examining how motivation and persistence relate to success and well-being.	The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping.	The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is a 17-item instrument measuring work engagement—a positive, fulfilling psychological state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption in work. Developed by Wilmar Schaufeli and colleagues in 2002, the UWES operationalizes engagement as the positive antipode to burnout, reflecting energetic involvement, strong commitment, and deep focus in occupational tasks. The scale has become the standard measure for assessing work engagement in organizational research and occupational health.