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| Games-Howell 사후 검정 (Post-Hoc Test)× | Bonferroni 보정× | |
|---|---|---|
| 분야 | 통계학 | 통계학 |
| 계열 | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| 기원 연도≠ | 1976 | 1961 |
| 창시자≠ | Paul A. Games & John F. Howell | Carlo Emilio Bonferroni; formalized for multiple comparisons by Olive Jean Dunn |
| 유형≠ | Parametric pairwise comparison | Family-wise error rate (FWER) correction |
| 원전≠ | Games, P. A. & Howell, J. F. (1976). Pairwise multiple comparison procedures with unequal N's and/or variances: A Monte Carlo study. Journal of Educational Statistics, 1(2), 113–125. DOI ↗ | Bonferroni, C. E. (1936). Teoria statistica delle classi e calcolo delle probabilità. Pubblicazioni del R Istituto Superiore di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali di Firenze, 8, 3–62. link ↗ |
| 별칭≠ | Games-Howell post-hoc, Games-Howell procedure, Games-Howell Post-Hoc Testi | Bonferroni adjustment, Bonferroni method, Bonferroni procedure, FWER correction |
| 관련≠ | 4 | 5 |
| 요약≠ | The Games-Howell test is a parametric post-hoc multiple comparison procedure that identifies which pairs of group means differ significantly after an omnibus ANOVA reveals a significant overall effect. Proposed by Games and Howell in 1976, it is specifically designed for situations where group variances and/or sample sizes are unequal, making it the recommended alternative to Tukey HSD whenever Levene's test signals heteroscedasticity. | The Bonferroni correction is a conservative, universally applicable method for controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER) when conducting multiple simultaneous hypothesis tests. Grounded in Bonferroni's 1936 probability inequality and formalized for multiple comparisons by Olive Jean Dunn in 1961, the procedure divides the target significance level α by the number of tests m, ensuring that the probability of making even one false rejection across the entire family of tests does not exceed α. |
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