방법 비교

	Field-based program evaluation	참여형 프로그램 평가
분야	현장 조사법	현장 조사법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1970s–1980s (field methods integration with evaluation practice)	1992 (formal articulation); roots in participatory action research of the 1970s–1980s
창시자	Michael Q. Patton; Peter H. Rossi and Howard E. Freeman	J. Bradley Cousins & Lorna Earl (formalization); Michael Q. Patton (utilization-focused lineage)
유형	Applied evaluation research	Applied evaluation approach
원전	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761908944	Cousins, J. B., & Earl, L. M. (1992). The case for participatory evaluation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(4), 397–418.
별칭	naturalistic program evaluation, field evaluation, on-site program evaluation, field-based evaluation	participatory evaluation, collaborative evaluation, PE, stakeholder-involved evaluation
관련	6	3
요약	Field-based program evaluation is an applied research method that assesses the implementation, outcomes, and value of a program by collecting data directly in the natural setting where the program operates. Rather than relying solely on administrative records or remote surveys, evaluators embed themselves in the field — observing activities, interviewing stakeholders on-site, and reviewing context-specific documents — to produce evidence-grounded judgments about program merit and worth.	Participatory program evaluation is an applied evaluation approach in which program stakeholders — staff, participants, funders, or community members — are actively involved as co-evaluators rather than passive subjects. By engaging those closest to the program in designing questions, collecting data, and interpreting findings, the approach aims to increase both the quality of the evaluation and the likelihood that findings will be understood, owned, and acted upon.