방법 비교

	내재된 실용주의 혼합 방법	다수준 혼합 방법 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	Late 1990s–2000s
창시자	Creswell & Plano Clark (embedded structure); Morgan & Tashakkori (pragmatic paradigm integration)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
별칭	embedded pragmatic MMR, pragmatic nested mixed methods, embedded pragmatist MMD, nested pragmatic mixed design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
관련	5	5
요약	Embedded pragmatic mixed methods is a mixed methods design in which one data strand (typically qualitative) is nested within a larger, dominant strand (typically quantitative), and the entire study is guided by a pragmatist philosophical stance — selecting methods for what works best to answer the research question rather than adhering to a fixed paradigmatic commitment. The nested strand enriches or contextualises the dominant strand without standing on its own.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.