방법 비교

	임베디드 혼합 방법 메타 추론	다수준 혼합 방법 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2003–2007	Late 1990s–2000s
창시자	Abbas Tashakkori & Charles Teddlie (meta-inference concept); John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (embedded design framework)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods inference procedure	Mixed methods research design
원전	Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761920731	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
별칭	embedded MMR meta-inference, meta-inference in embedded design, integrated meta-inference (embedded), EMMD meta-inference	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
관련	6	5
요약	Embedded mixed methods meta-inference is the process of drawing a single, overarching conclusion by integrating the inferences from a dominant (primary) strand and an embedded (secondary) strand within an embedded mixed methods design. The embedded strand — typically qualitative nested inside a quantitative study, or vice versa — answers a supplemental question, and meta-inference synthesises both strands into one coherent interpretive claim that neither strand could produce alone.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.