방법 비교

	컨포멀 예측	불확실성 정량화
분야	머신러닝	시뮬레이션
계열	Machine learning	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2005	Seminal modern form: 2002
창시자	Vovk, Gammerman & Shafer	Norbert Wiener (polynomial chaos, 1938); extended to Wiener–Askey scheme by Xiu & Karniadakis (2002)
유형	Distribution-free uncertainty quantification framework	Computational uncertainty analysis framework
원전	Vovk, V., Gammerman, A., & Shafer, G. (2005). Algorithmic Learning in a Random World. Springer. ISBN: 978-0-387-00152-4	Xiu, D. & Karniadakis, G.E. (2002). The Wiener-Askey Polynomial Chaos for Stochastic Differential Equations. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 24(2), 619–644.
별칭	Conformal Inference, Conformal Risk Control, Inductive Conformal Prediction, Uyumsal Tahmin	UQ, polynomial chaos expansion, PCE, Kriging surrogate
관련	2	9
요약	Conformal Prediction is a distribution-free framework for constructing statistically valid prediction sets (for classification) or prediction intervals (for regression) around the output of any pre-trained machine learning model. Introduced by Vovk, Gammerman, and Shafer in their 2005 monograph, it provides a finite-sample marginal coverage guarantee — the true label falls inside the prediction set with at least 1-alpha probability — without requiring parametric assumptions about the data distribution.	Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is a computational framework for systematically measuring how uncertainty in the inputs of a model propagates into uncertainty in its outputs. Building on Wiener's polynomial chaos theory (1938) and formalised for general stochastic problems by Xiu and Karniadakis (2002), UQ uses two primary strategies: Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), which represents the model output as a series of orthogonal polynomials matched to the input distributions, and Kriging (Gaussian process) surrogates, which replace an expensive simulation with a fast statistical approximation fitted to a small set of carefully chosen runs.