방법 비교

	동시 변혁적 혼합 방법	다수준 혼합 방법 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s (formalized ~2007–2009)	Late 1990s–2000s
창시자	Donna M. Mertens; John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
별칭	concurrent transformative design, simultaneous transformative mixed methods, parallel transformative design, transformative concurrent design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
관련	5	5
요약	Concurrent transformative mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, guided by a transformative theoretical lens — such as feminist, critical race, disability, or indigenous frameworks — that foregrounds equity, power, and social change. The design gives either strand equal or unequal priority, but both strands are explicitly shaped by the transformative worldview. Findings are merged or compared to generate actionable insights that advocate for marginalized communities.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.