방법 비교

	동시 다수준 혼합 방법 설계	동시 삼각 혼합 방법 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	2007 (formally named in Creswell & Plano Clark, 1st ed.)
창시자	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark; Anthony Onwuegbuzie & colleagues	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344996	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412975179
별칭	simultaneous multilevel mixed methods, parallel multilevel mixed methods, multilevel concurrent mixed methods, QUAN+QUAL multilevel design	convergent parallel design, triangulation design, QUAN+QUAL concurrent design, simultaneous triangulation
관련	6	5
요약	Concurrent multilevel mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously at two or more levels of a nested social system — for example, students within classrooms within schools — then integrates findings across those levels to produce a layered, comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The concurrent timing means both data strands are gathered in the same phase rather than one informing the other sequentially.	The concurrent triangulation mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, analyzes each strand independently, and then merges the results to assess whether the two data sources corroborate one another. Often called the convergent parallel design, it is one of the foundational configurations in mixed methods research and is chosen specifically when the researcher wants to cross-validate or triangulate findings from two distinct methodological traditions.