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| 비교법× | 어족 연대 추정법× | |
|---|---|---|
| 분야 | 언어학 | 언어학 |
| 계열 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 기원 연도≠ | 1786 | 1950 |
| 창시자≠ | Sir William Jones | Morris Swadesh |
| 유형 | Empirical process pipeline | Empirical process pipeline |
| 원전≠ | Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI ↗ | Swadesh, M. (1950). Salish internal relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16(3), 157-167. DOI ↗ |
| 별칭 | Historical Comparative Linguistics, Genetic Linguistics | Lexicostatistics, Glottochronological Dating |
| 관련≠ | 4 | 2 |
| 요약≠ | The Comparative Method is a foundational technique in historical linguistics for reconstructing ancestral languages and establishing genetic relationships between related languages. Pioneered by Sir William Jones in 1786, it systematically compares phonological, morphological, and lexical features across languages to identify regular sound correspondences and trace their shared origins. This method underpins modern historical linguistics and has been essential for understanding language families worldwide. | Glottochronology, or lexicostatistics, is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that estimates the time of divergence between related languages based on the proportion of shared cognates in their basic vocabularies. Developed by Morris Swadesh in 1950, the method assumes that core vocabulary items change at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing linguists to calculate a 'time depth'—how long ago two languages shared a common ancestor. Though controversial due to its restrictive assumptions, glottochronology provides rough temporal estimates when archaeological or written records are unavailable. |
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