방법 비교

	집락 무작위 현장 실험	군집 무작위 대조 시험
분야	실험설계	실험설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1980s–1990s (formalized methodology)	1978–1980s
창시자	David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
유형	Randomized experimental design	Experimental design
원전	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
별칭	CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
관련	4	4
요약	A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.