방법 비교

	Born-Oppenheimer 근사	변분 양자 고유값 해법
분야	양자컴퓨팅	양자컴퓨팅
계열	Machine learning	Machine learning
기원 연도	1927	2014
창시자	Max Born and Julius Robert Oppenheimer	Alberto Peruzzo
유형	Fundamental approximation	Hybrid quantum-classical algorithm
원전	Born, M., Oppenheimer, J. R. (1927). Zur Quantentheorie der Moleküle. Annalen der Physik, 84, 457–484.	Peruzzo, A., McClean, J., Shadbolt, P., et al. (2014). A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor. Nature Communications, 5, 4213.
별칭	BO approximation, clamped nuclei	VQE, hybrid quantum-classical
관련	3	4
요약	The Born-Oppenheimer (BO) Approximation is a foundational assumption in molecular quantum mechanics that nuclei can be treated as fixed while solving for electrons, and vice versa. Introduced by Born and Oppenheimer in 1927, this separation reduces the complex many-body electronic-nuclear problem to a sequence of simpler problems, enabling nearly all molecular calculations.	The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm designed to find the lowest eigenvalue (ground state energy) of a quantum Hamiltonian. Introduced by Peruzzo et al. in 2014, it exploits the variational principle to combine the power of quantum circuits with classical optimization to solve chemistry and materials science problems on near-term quantum devices.