手法を比較

	二元配置分散分析 (Two-Way ANOVA)	共分散分析（ANCOVA）	多変量分散分析 (MANOVA)
分野	統計学	統計学	統計学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1925	1932	1932
提唱者	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher	Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)
種類	Parametric factorial mean comparison	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Parametric multivariate mean comparison
原典	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119113478	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574
別名	factorial ANOVA, two-factor ANOVA, İki Yönlü ANOVA	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)
関連	6	4	5
概要	Two-Way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously examines the main effects of two independent categorical factors and their interaction effect on a single continuous dependent variable. The technique was developed within the broader framework of the analysis of variance established by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925 and remains the standard approach whenever an experiment or survey includes exactly two between-subjects factors.	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.