手法を比較

	テスト等化	一般化可能性理論（G理論）
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1984 (modern statistical treatment)	1963–1972
提唱者	Kolen & Brennan (foundational treatise, 2004/2014); Holland & Dorans (2006)	Lee J. Cronbach, Goldine Gleser, Harinder Nanda, Nageswari Rajaratnam
種類	Score transformation / latent-scale calibration	Variance-components reliability model
原典	Kolen, M.J. & Brennan, R.L. (2014). Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking: Methods and Practices (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4939-0316-6	Cronbach, L. J., Gleser, G. C., Nanda, H. & Rajaratnam, N. (1972). The Dependability of Behavioral Measurements: Theory of Generalizability for Scores and Profiles. Wiley.
別名	Test Eşitleme (Test Equating), score equating, equipercentile equating, IRT true-score equating	G-theory, G-study / D-study framework, variance components reliability
関連	4	4
概要	Test equating is a family of statistical methods that converts scores earned on one test form onto the score scale of another form, so that scores from different administrations or versions can be compared and reported on a common metric. The foundational modern treatment is Kolen and Brennan (2004/2014); Holland and Dorans (2006) provide the authoritative chapter-length overview within the field of educational measurement.	Generalizability Theory is a psychometric framework that decomposes observed score variance into multiple sources — persons, items, raters, occasions, and their interactions — using analysis of variance. It replaces the single reliability coefficient of classical test theory with a family of coefficients that tell researchers how well scores generalize across different measurement conditions.