手法を比較

	空間的逆確率重み付け（Spatial IPW）	逆確率重み付け法 (IPW / IPTW)
分野	因果推論	因果推論
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	2010s	2000
提唱者	Extension of Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) IPW to spatial settings; formal treatment by Papadogeorgou et al. (2019)	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
種類	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Causal inference weighting estimator
原典	Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
別名	Spatial IPW, Geographic IPW, Spatially-weighted IPW, SIPW	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
関連	6	5
概要	Spatial Inverse Probability Weighting extends the classical IPW estimator to settings where units are geo-referenced and spatial location is a confounding dimension. By incorporating geographic coordinates or spatial proximity into the propensity score model, it reweights the observed sample so that treatment and control groups are balanced not only on measured covariates but also on spatial structure, enabling credible causal inference from spatially indexed observational data.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.