手法を比較

	Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test	マン・ホイットニーのU検定
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1940	1947
提唱者	Abraham Wald & Jacob Wolfowitz	H. B. Mann & D. R. Whitney
種類	Nonparametric randomness test	Nonparametric two-group comparison
原典	Wald, A. & Wolfowitz, J. (1940). On a test whether two samples are from the same population. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 11(2), 147–162.	Mann, H. B. & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60.
別名	Wald-Wolfowitz test, runs test for randomness, Runs Testi (Wald-Wolfowitz)	Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann-Whitney U Testi
関連	5	4
概要	The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test is a nonparametric hypothesis test that determines whether a sequence of observations — coded as a series of binary symbols — follows a random pattern or contains systematic structure. Introduced by Abraham Wald and Jacob Wolfowitz in 1940, the test counts the number of uninterrupted runs of identical symbols and asks whether that count is consistent with random arrangement.	The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric alternative to the independent samples t-test, comparing two independent groups by ranking all observations together rather than relying on their means. It was introduced by H. B. Mann and D. R. Whitney in 1947 and does not require the data to be normally distributed.