手法を比較

	ROC分析（受信者操作特性曲線）	効果量分析
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1954 (signal detection); 1982 (AUC formalization)	1969 (first edition); 1988 (definitive second edition)
提唱者	Peterson, Birdsall & Fox (signal detection theory); Hanley & McNeil (medical statistics)	Jacob Cohen
種類	Diagnostic accuracy evaluation	Standardized magnitude estimation
原典	Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1982). The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology, 143(1), 29–36.	Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805802832
別名	ROC curve analysis, AUC analysis, sensitivity-specificity analysis, diagnostic accuracy analysis	effect magnitude estimation, standardized effect measure, practical significance analysis, ES analysis
関連	4	4
概要	ROC analysis evaluates how well a continuous or ordinal test variable discriminates between two binary outcome classes. By plotting the true positive rate (sensitivity) against the false positive rate (1 − specificity) across all decision thresholds, it produces a curve whose area under the curve (AUC) quantifies overall discriminative power, ranging from 0.5 (chance) to 1.0 (perfect discrimination).	Effect size analysis quantifies the practical magnitude of a statistical result independently of sample size. Rather than asking only whether a difference or relationship is statistically significant, it asks how large it is, using standardized indices such as Cohen's d, eta-squared, omega-squared, or Pearson's r that allow direct comparison across studies and populations.