手法を比較

	前向き診断精度研究	診断精度の研究デザイン
分野	疫学	臨床研究
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	2003-2015
提唱者	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
種類	Observational / evaluative study design	Research Design
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
別名	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
関連	6	2
概要	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.