手法を比較

	フィラデルフィア・マインドフルネス尺度（PHLMS）	トロント・マインドフルネス・スケール（TMS）
分野	マインドフルネス心理学	マインドフルネス心理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2008	2006
提唱者	Lizabeth A. Cardaciotto, James D. Herbert, and colleagues at Drexel University	Zindel V. Segal, Mark A. Lau, and colleagues at the University of Toronto
種類	Self-report	Self-report
原典	Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204-223.	Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., ... & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: Development and validation of a state measure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467.
別名	PHLMS, PHLMS-20	TMS, TMS-13
関連	4	4
概要	The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) is a 20-item self-report instrument measuring trait mindfulness across two core dimensions: Present-Moment Awareness and Acceptance. Developed by Cardaciotto, Herbert, and colleagues at Drexel University and published in Assessment in 2008, the PHLMS emphasizes the integration of attentional and acceptance-based processes central to contemporary mindfulness theory and practice. The two-factor structure reflects the distinction between the ability to focus attention on present experience and the capacity to receive that experience without judgment or resistance—processes that jointly characterize psychological flexibility and adaptive mindfulness.	The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) is a 13-item self-report instrument uniquely designed to measure state mindfulness—the immediate, transient quality of mindful awareness during or immediately following a meditation session. Developed by Zindel V. Segal, Mark A. Lau, and colleagues at the University of Toronto and published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology in 2006, the TMS captures two core dimensions of state mindfulness: Curiosity and Decentering. Unlike trait measures (FFMQ, FMI) which assess habitual mindfulness, the TMS provides moment-to-moment assessment and has become essential in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and contemplative neuroscience research.