手法を比較

	パネルデータ傾向スコアマッチング	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	因果推論	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1997-1998	1983
提唱者	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Matching / causal inference	Method
原典	Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. (1998). Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator. Review of Economic Studies, 65(2), 261-294.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	PSM with panel data, longitudinal PSM, panel PSM, difference-in-differences PSM	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	6	3
概要	Panel data propensity score matching combines the bias-reduction of PSM with the longitudinal structure of panel data, enabling causal estimation of treatment effects by matching treated and control units on observable pre-treatment characteristics and then differencing within matched pairs over time. Developed in the framework of Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1998), it is especially valuable when randomisation is infeasible and both selection on observables and time-varying confounding must be addressed simultaneously.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.