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	多変量探索的量的研究	クラスター分析
分野	研究デザイン	統計学
系統	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
提唱年	1930s–1960s (foundational multivariate methods); codified in research design literature from the 1980s onward	1939–1967
提唱者	Hair, Tabachnick, and colleagues (canonical synthesis); roots in Fisher, Hotelling, and Thurstone (early 20th century)	Robert C. Tryon (early development); Ward (1963) for hierarchical; MacQueen (1967) for k-means
種類	Quantitative research design	Unsupervised classification / grouping
原典	Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540	Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., Leese, M. & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster Analysis (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470749913
別名	multivariate exploratory design, exploratory multivariate analysis, multivariate data exploration, MEQ research	clustering, unsupervised classification, data clustering, numerical taxonomy
関連	5	5
概要	Multivariate exploratory quantitative research is a design in which researchers simultaneously examine multiple quantitative variables without imposing a predetermined structural model, using techniques such as exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, or principal component analysis to detect latent patterns, natural groupings, or underlying dimensions in the data. The goal is discovery and pattern recognition rather than hypothesis confirmation.	Cluster analysis is a family of unsupervised multivariate techniques that partition a set of objects or observations into internally homogeneous, mutually distinct groups — clusters — based on measured characteristics, without any prior knowledge of group membership. It is widely used in market segmentation, bioinformatics, psychology, and social science to reveal natural groupings in data.