手法を比較

	多施設共同第I相臨床試験	ベイズ型第I相臨床試験
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1970s–1980s (formalized in FDA Phase I guidance 1977; ICH E6 GCP 1996)	1990
提唱者	Established through FDA regulatory guidance and ICH harmonization frameworks	O'Quigley, Pepe & Fisher (Continual Reassessment Method)
種類	Interventional clinical study design	Adaptive Bayesian dose-finding design
原典	International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). (2016). ICH Harmonised Guideline: Integrated Addendum to ICH E6(R1): Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R2). ICH.	O'Quigley, J., Pepe, M., & Fisher, L. (1990). Continual reassessment method: a practical design for phase 1 clinical trials in cancer. Biometrics, 46(1), 33–48.
別名	multisite Phase I trial, multi-institutional Phase I study, Phase I dose-escalation multicenter study, first-in-human multicenter trial	Bayesian dose-finding trial, CRM trial, continual reassessment method trial, Bayesian dose-escalation study
関連	6	5
概要	A multicenter Phase I clinical trial is the first systematic administration of an investigational agent to humans, conducted simultaneously across two or more clinical sites. Its primary objectives are to characterize the safety and tolerability profile of the intervention, determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior. Distributing enrollment across sites increases participant accrual speed and enhances the generalizability of early-phase safety data.	A Bayesian Phase I clinical trial uses prior probability models and sequential Bayes updating to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new agent. Unlike the traditional 3+3 rule-based escalation, the Bayesian approach revises a dose-toxicity curve continuously as each patient's outcome is observed, allowing faster convergence to the true MTD while minimising exposure of patients to unsafe or subtherapeutic doses.