手法を比較

	溶血試験	CAM Assay	エレクトロスピニング	生細胞/死細胞アッセイ
分野	生体材料学	生体材料学	生体材料学	生体材料学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950	1974	1934	2000
提唱者	Clinical hematology traditions	Judah Folkman	Anton Formhals	Invitrogen/Molecular Probes
種類	Hemolytic compatibility assay	Developmental biology assay	Fiber fabrication process	Dual-dye viability assay
原典	ASTM F756-17 (2017). Standard Practice for Assessment of Hemolytic Properties of Materials. ASTM International.	Folkman, J. (1974). Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. New England Journal of Medicine, 285(21), 1182-1186.	Formhals, A. (1934). Process and apparatus for preparing artificial threads. U.S. Patent 1,975,504.	Molecular Probes (2004). LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit user guide. Invitrogen Corporation.
別名	RBC lysis assay, hemolytic compatibility test, hemolytic potential test	chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, angiogenesis assay, CAM angiogenesis model	electrospun fiber production, electrostatic fiber spinning	calcein-AM/propidium iodide, SYTO/PI staining, fluorescent viability stain
関連	4	4	3	4
概要	The hemolysis assay is a standard method for evaluating the blood compatibility of biomaterials by quantifying the extent to which a material or substance damages red blood cells (RBCs) and causes hemoglobin release. Codified in standards including ASTM F756 and ISO 10993-4, the hemolysis assay is essential for regulatory approval of blood-contacting devices such as stents, catheters, artificial heart valves, and hemodialysis membranes. The assay provides a simple, quantitative measure of hemolytic potential that correlates with clinical safety.	The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a well-established in vivo model for studying angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) and evaluating the pro- or anti-angiogenic properties of biomaterials, drugs, and bioactive molecules. Developed by Judah Folkman in the 1970s, the assay uses the highly vascularized CAM of developing chick embryos as a platform for implanting test materials and observing vascular response. The CAM provides a transparent, immunologically naive microenvironment with rapid and reproducible neovascularization, making it ideal for screening angiogenic potential and assessing biomaterial biocompatibility.	Electrospinning is an electrostatic fiber fabrication process that uses a high electric field to draw polymer solutions or melts into nanoscale fibers. Developed by Anton Formhals in the 1930s and refined by researchers including Darrell Reneker in the 1990s, the technique has become foundational to biomaterials engineering, enabling the creation of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.	The Live/Dead assay is a fluorescence-based method for simultaneously identifying live and dead cells using two complementary dyes. The assay combines calcein-AM (or SYTO fluorophores), which generates bright green fluorescence in living cells with intact esterase activity, with propidium iodide (PI), which produces red fluorescence in dead cells with compromised membrane integrity. Commercially developed by Molecular Probes and now part of Thermo Fisher's portfolio, the Live/Dead kit is widely used to evaluate cell viability on biomaterial scaffolds, in tissue constructs, and following drug or toxin exposure.