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	Forensic Likelihood Ratio	著者の帰属推定（文体測定学）	ベイズ推論
分野	法科学	テキストマイニング	統計学
系統	Regression model	Machine learning	Bayesian methods
提唱年	2004	2009	1763
提唱者	Colin Aitken & Franco Taroni	Mosteller & Wallace; Stamatatos	Thomas Bayes; Pierre-Simon Laplace
種類	Bayesian evidence evaluation model	Supervised stylometric classification	Probabilistic inference paradigm
原典	Aitken, C. G. G., & Taroni, F. (2004). Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-470-84367-3	Stamatatos, E. (2009). A survey of modern authorship attribution methods. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(3), 538–556.	Bayes, T. (1763). An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 53, 370–418.
別名	Bayes Factor in Forensics, Forensic Evidence Weight, LR-Based Forensic Evaluation, Adli Olabilirlik Oranı	Stylometry, Authorship Analysis, Yazarlık Atıfı, Authorship Identification	Bayes inference, Bayesian statistics, Bayesian updating, posterior inference
関連	3	3	3
概要	The Forensic Likelihood Ratio (LR) is a Bayesian framework for quantifying the weight of forensic evidence relative to two competing propositions — typically the prosecution and defence hypotheses. Formally developed and systematised by Colin Aitken and Franco Taroni in their 2004 Wiley monograph, the LR expresses how much more probable the observed evidence is under one hypothesis than under the other, providing the court with a single, interpretable number that separates the scientist's role from the fact-finder's role.	Authorship attribution is the task of identifying the most probable author of an anonymous or disputed text by analysing its stylistic fingerprint. Rooted in the statistical work of Mosteller and Wallace on the Federalist Papers (1964), the field was systematically surveyed and formalised by Stamatatos (2009), who catalogued feature sets ranging from character n-grams and function-word frequencies to syntactic and semantic representations used by modern machine-learning classifiers.	Bayesian inference is a statistical paradigm in which probability represents degrees of belief rather than long-run frequencies. It encodes prior knowledge about parameters in a prior distribution, combines that prior with the likelihood of observed data via Bayes' theorem, and produces a posterior distribution that quantifies updated uncertainty. The foundational theorem was published posthumously by Thomas Bayes in 1763 and subsequently systematized by Pierre-Simon Laplace in his 1812 Théorie analytique des probabilités.